[84] Stanislav Shushkevich, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on 8 December 1991 in Belavezhskaya Pushcha to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. The country's folk music traditions can be traced back to the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [44][45], The Lithuanian nobles were forced to go for rapprochement because of the threat coming from Muscovy. Pour une assistance technique immédiate, veuillez appeler le +32 2 421 26 11 [193][194], The banking system of Belarus consists of two levels: Central Bank (National Bank of the Republic of Belarus) and 25 commercial banks. [164] The Belarusian government is also criticized for human rights violations and its persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. [189] The ruble was reintroduced with new values in 2000 and has been in use ever since. The six regions are divided into 118 raions. Its net migration rate is +0.38 per 1,000, indicating that Belarus experiences slightly more immigration than emigration. Belarus Imposes Fines for Being Unemployed – News", "Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus", "Belarus abandons pegging its currency to Russian ruble", "Международное обозначение белорусского рубля меняется на BYN после деноминации – Новости республики – Минский район-Минск-Новости Минска-Новости Минского района-Минский райисполком", "Новости – Официальный интернет-портал Президента Республики Беларусь", "Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom – Belarus", With economy in tatters, Belarus appeals to IMF for rescue loan of up to $8 billion. [133], After the December completion of the 2010 presidential election, Lukashenko was elected to a fourth straight term with nearly 80% of the vote in elections. [203], According to the census of November 2011, 58.9% of all Belarusians adhered to some kind of religion; out of those, Eastern Orthodoxy (Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church) made up about 82%. [citation needed], In the years following the union, the process of gradual Polonization of both Lithuanians and Ruthenians gained steady momentum. To strengthen the independence in the format of the union, three editions of the Statutes of Lithuania were issued in the 16th century. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea and the Pripyat flows eastward to the Dnieper; the Dnieper flows southward towards the Black Sea. Lors de mon voyage en Belgique, j’ai eu un vrai coup de cœur... Lire plus.. Visiter Bruxelles avec 12 incontournables à voir, boire ou manger. [203] Over 99% of Belarusians aged 15 and older are literate. [182] GDP only began to rise in 1996;[183] the country was the fastest-recovering former Soviet republic in the terms of its economy. Jahrhundert. Santa Maria Capua Vetere Italie. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. [citation needed], The union between Poland and Lithuania ended in 1795 with the Third Partition of Poland by Imperial Russia, Prussia, and Austria. In 1863, economic and cultural pressure exploded in a revolt, led by Konstanty Kalinowski (also known as Kastus). [49], Under Nicholas I and Alexander III the national cultures were repressed. Siklosnagyfalu Hongrie. Pour une assistance technique immédiate, veuillez appeler le +33 1 64 17 70 70 [103] About 40% of Belarus is covered by forests. The unemployment rate has been in decline since 2003, and the overall rate of employment is the highest since statistics were first compiled in 1995. Sint-Niklaas Belgique. [180], Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, under Lukashenko's leadership, Belarus has maintained government control over key industries and eschewed the large-scale privatizations seen in other former Soviet republics. In 1996, Lukashenko called for a controversial vote to extend the presidential term from five to seven years, and as a result the election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back to 2001. [120], The government includes a Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister and five deputy prime ministers. [226][227], The traditional Belarusian dress originates from the Kievan Rus' period. [58], The Republic of Central Lithuania was a short-lived political entity, which was the last attempt to restore Lithuania in the historical confederacy state (it was also supposed to create Lithuania Upper and Lithuania Lower). [162] However, Belarus cannot join NATO because it is a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation. [109] Belarus has an average annual rainfall of 550 to 700 mm (21.7 to 27.6 in). Foods are usually either slowly cooked or stewed. [157] Demographic decreases in the Belarusians of conscription age have increased the importance of contract soldiers, who numbered 12,000 in 2001. He garnered 45% of the vote in the first round and 80%[84] in the second, defeating Vyacheslav Kebich who received 14% of the vote. Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus", "Belarus: Window of Opportunity (see Table 15, page 66)", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "The United Nations and Chernobyl – The Republic of Belarus", "Ecological reservation in Belarus fosters new approaches to soil remediation", "Country Report: Belarus Borders: Borders and policy in Belarus", "Section IV:The President, Parliament, Government, the Courts", "Deputy Prime Ministers of the Republic of Belarus", "Belarus: inside Europe's last dictatorship", "Belarus's Lukashenko: 'Better a dictator than gay, "Belarus suspended from the Council of Europe", "Belarus – Office of the Directorate General of Programmes", "OSCE Report on the October 2004 parliamentary elections", "Belarus in the aftermath of the Presidential election of 19 March 2006", "Police guard threatened to rape Belarus Free Theatre director after election protest", Belarus opposition leader Andrei Sannikov jailed, "Belarus: 7 presidential candidates face 15 years", "Why Belarus' Dictator Is Not Fond of Applause", https://www.un.org/press/en/2006/org1469.doc.htm, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/russia-belarus-relations-future-union-state-65288/, "CIS: Foreign Ministers, Heads Of State Gather In Minsk For Summit", https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/12/belarus-lukashenko-elections-protests-united-states-diplomatic-relations/, https://jamestown.org/program/modest-advances-us-belarus-relations/, "Belarus Democracy Act Will Help Cause of Freedom, Bush Says", "China's Xi promises Belarus $1 billion in loans", "China, Belarus agree to upgrade economic ties", "Syria and Belarus agree to promote trade", "Belarus-Syria report substantial progress in trade and economic relations", "Membership of the Republic of Belarus in International Organizations", "Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present", https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/international-affairs/european-neighbourhood-policy_en, "Military Development and the Armed Forces of Belarus", "NATO Council adopted individual partnership program with Belarus", "Nato and Belarus: partnership, past tensions and future possibilities", "Lukashenka promises "serfdom" in villages", "Pańszczyzna u Łukaszenki. [67][68] Use of the Belarusian language was discouraged. Alors, sans hésiter, allez à Gand, dans les Flandres. [64][65][66] After an early period of liberalization, tensions between increasingly nationalistic Polish government and various increasingly separatist ethnic minorities started to grow, and the Belarusian minority was no exception. Overall, 48.3% of the population is Orthodox Christian, 41.1% is not religious, 7.1% is Catholic and 3.3% follows other religions. Hier erfahren Sie mehr über das gesamte Objektiv Line-Up. [185][186] As of 2015[update], 38% of Belarusian exported goods go to Russia and 56% of imported goods come from Russia. [56] The Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic exists as a government in exile ever since then; in fact, it is currently the world's longest serving government in exile. Минаев В. Западная Белоруссия и Западная Украина под гнетом панской Польши.—М., 1939. автогаз, LPG. [84] Belarus declared itself sovereign on 27 July 1990 by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. [34], The region that is now Belarus was first settled by Baltic tribes in the 3rd century. [69] A Belarusian organization, the Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union, was banned in 1927, and opposition to Polish government was met with state repressions. Lukashenko won the election with 80% of the vote; the Russian Federation and the CIS deemed the vote open and fair[132] while the OSCE and other organizations called the election unfair. [180] In 2005, GDP increased by 9.9%; the inflation rate averaged 9.5%. info)). [206][207] Minorities also practice Greek Catholicism, Judaism, Islam and Neopaganism. Kazulin was detained and beaten by police during protests surrounding the All Belarusian People's Assembly. We do not recognize him but we must deal with him, U.S. no longer recognizes Lukashenko as legitimate president of Belarus, "U.S., EU Sanction Belarus in Coordinated Western Action", "Coordinates of the extreme points of the state frontier. [188], The labor force consists of more than four million people, among whom women hold slightly more jobs than men. There were 679,000 unemployed Belarusians, two-thirds of whom were women. Paramètrer les cookies. Rotterdam Pays-Bas. [116] The Council of Europe removed Belarus from its observer status since 1997 as a response for election irregularities in the November 1996 constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections. In culture and social life, both the Polish language and Catholicism became dominant, and in 1696, Polish replaced Ruthenian as the official language—with the Ruthenian language being banned from administrative use. As an OSCE member state, Belarus's international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission. [213] Belarusian, although not as widely used as Russian, is the mother tongue of 53.2% of the population, whereas Russian is the mother tongue of only 41.5%.[212]. Its population is also aging; the median age of 30–34 is estimated to rise to between 60 and 64 in 2050. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Contactez-nous. [citation needed] Two-round elections for the presidency on (24 June 1994 and 10 July 1994)[85] catapulted the formerly unknown Alexander Lukashenko into national prominence. Treaties in 1995 and 1996 demarcated Belarus's borders with Latvia and Lithuania, and Belarus ratified a 1997 treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border in 2009. Policies of Polonization[50] changed by Russification,[51] which included the return to Orthodox Christianity of Belarusian Uniates. [195] On 23 May 2011, the Belarusian ruble depreciated 56% against the United States dollar. During this period, Anatoly Bogatyrev, creator of the opera In Polesye Virgin Forest, served as the "tutor" of Belarusian composers. Том пяты.—Мінск, 2006.—с. [30] In Lithuanian, besides Baltarusija (White Russia), Belarus is also called Gudija. [169] Corrupt practices such as bribery often took place during tender processes, and whistleblower protection and national ombudsman are lacking in Belarus's anti-corruption system. [103] The average elevation of Belarus is 160 m (525 ft) above sea level. [230], Belarus has competed in the Olympic Games since the 1994 Winter Olympics as an independent nation. Oudenaarde, Belgique . J’y suis allée à plusieurs reprises et c’est à chaque fois un plaisir d’y retourner. [110] The United Nations and other agencies have aimed to reduce the level of radiation in affected areas, especially through the use of caesium binders and rapeseed cultivation, which are meant to decrease soil levels of caesium-137. Around 1840 the Statutes were banned by the Russian tsar following the November Uprising. La lecture de la vidéo suppose votre consentement pour l´activation des cookies sur Youtube. [197][198], According to the 2019 census the population was 9.41 million[199] with ethnic Belarusians constituting 84.9% of Belarus's total population. In the 2020 presidential election the official result was 80% for Lukashenko again. When opposition protesters took to the streets in Minsk, many people, including most rival presidential candidates, were beaten and arrested by the state militia. Moliere 192, 1050 Brussels (Ixelles), Belgium, Submission of Documents to the Cosular Section, Belarusian visa at the Minsk National Airport, Electronic Registration of Foreigners Temporarily Staying in Belarus, Visa-Free Travel via National Airport Minsk, Belarusian visa upon the arrival at the National Airport "Minsk", Staying in Belarus: useful information for foreigners, Online registration of foreign citizens temporary staying in Belarus, Border crossing rules for foreign citizens, BelToll: e-collection system for driving toll roads, Belarusian CCI's Exporters Catalogue 2021. [151] In addition to the CIS, Belarus is a member of the Eurasian Economic Community, the Collective Security Treaty Organisation,[143] the international Non-Aligned Movement since 1998,[152] and the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). [103], Natural resources include peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomite (limestone), marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay. [31][32], From 5000 to 2000 BC, Bandkeramik cultures predominated. [147] The Belorussian senior group earned bronze at the 2012 London Olympics. At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus was one of the world's most industrially developed states by percentage of GDP as well as the richest CIS member-state. [52], In a Russification drive in the 1840s, Nicholas I prohibited use of the Belarusian language in public schools, campaigned against Belarusian publications and tried to pressure those who had converted to Catholicism under the Poles to reconvert to the Orthodox faith. Ausgestattet mit einem viel größeren Sensor als Kompaktkameras, dabei kleiner und leichter als ein D-SLR System - FUJIFILMs preisgekrönte kompakte Systemkameras aus der X-Serie sind eine hochwertige Alternative, nicht nur für professionelle Fotografen Friedrich PICARD GmbH & Co. KG Dietrich-Benking-Str. The currency was introduced in May 1992 to replace the Soviet ruble and it has undergone redenomination twice since then. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&oldid=1015237638, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Belarusian literature[216] began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw. Veuillez remplir le formulaire suivant et nous vous contacterons dans les plus brefs délais. Roma Italie. [192] This redenomination can be considered an effort to fight the high inflation rate. Prezydent Białorusi chce zakazać kołchoźnikom odchodzić z pracy", "In chase of upgrade: serfdom for woodworkers? Centered on the historical capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius, Polish: Wilno), for 18 months the entity served as a buffer state between Poland, upon which it depended, and Lithuania, which claimed the area. Invaders from Asia, among whom were the Huns and Avars, swept through c. 400–600 AD, but were unable to dislodge the Slavic presence. Upon the death of Kievan Rus' ruler Yaroslav I the Wise, the state split into independent principalities. [184] In 2006, GDP amounted to US$83.1 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars (estimate), or about $8,100 per capita. The National Bank of Belarus abandoned pegging the Belarusian ruble to the Russian ruble in August 2007. "[77], Soviet Belarusian communist politician Andrei Gromyko, who served as Soviet foreign minister (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988), was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he was replaced by Eduard Shevardnadze. [190] As part of the Union of Russia and Belarus, both states have discussed using a single currency along the same lines as the Euro. [17][87] Lukashenko announced a new law in 2014 that will prohibit kolkhoz workers (around 9% of total work force) from leaving their jobs at will—a change of job and living location will require permission from governors. [199] Siegen, Ville Universitaire Allemagne. Şişli Turquie. [200] Minsk, the nation's capital and largest city, was home to 1,937,900 residents in 2015[update]. [citation needed], In the 1990s, however, industrial production plunged due to decreases in imports, investment, and demand for Belarusian products from its trading partners. The unemployment rate, according to government statistics, was 1.5% in 2005. Online version: Constitution of the Republic of Belarus of 1994, "FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture", Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Learn how and when to remove this template message, 800m at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics, "Belarus leader Lukashenko holds secret inauguration amid continuing protests", "Belarus: Mass protests after Lukashenko secretly sworn in", https://eng.belta.by/president/view/lukashenko-appoints-new-government-132715-2020/, "Численность населения на 1 января 2020 г. по областям Республики Беларусь", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Belarus", "Icann Адобрыла Заяўку Беларусі На Дэлегаванне Дамена Першага Ўзроўню З Падтрымкай Алфавітаў Нацыянальных Моў.Бел", "Law of the Republic of Belarus – About the name of the Republic of Belarus", "Lithuania Refuses to Call Belarus as "Belarusia, "The Russo-Polish Historical Confrontation", "Belarusian": UCLA Language Materials Project, Воссоединение униатов и исторические судьбы Белорусского народа, "Europe's Last Dictatorship Is Opposed by the Oldest Exiled Government in the World", "25 years ago it was announced that Joseph Pilsudski – Belarusian (Photo)", "War, Population Displacement and State Formation in the Russian Borderlands 1914–1924", Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939–1941), Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin, "This Chart Shows The Astounding Devastation Of World War II", "Great Patriotic War in Belarus | Belarus.by", "Andrei Gromyko Dies, Was Soviet Diplomat for 50 Years", "Belarus: Five things you may not know about the country", "Standing up for Free and Fair Elections in Belarus", The Strange Death of Russia's Closest Alliance, "Belarus Ready to 'Unite' With Russia, Lukashenko Says", "Russia May Absorb Belarus: 'We're Ready to Unite,' President Says", "Could Russia and Belarus trade oil for national sovereignty? [36] Many early Rus' principalities were virtually razed or severely affected by a major Mongol invasion in the 13th century, but the lands of modern Belarus avoided the brunt of the invasion and eventually joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [217], By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. Santander Espagne. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. [220] The free development of literature occurred only in Polish-held territory until Soviet occupation in 1939. The law was compared with serfdom by Lukashenko himself. [175], In 2014 the share of manufacturing in GDP was 37%, more than two thirds of this amount falls on manufacturing industries. [149] Belarus also has strong ties with Syria,[150] considered a key partner in the Middle East. [10][11][12][72] The Soviet-controlled Byelorussian People's Council officially took control of the territories, whose populations consisted of a mixture of Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Jews, on 28 October 1939 in Białystok. Salem Suède. [123], Belarus has often been described as "Europe's last dictatorship" by some media outlets, politicians and authors due to its authoritarian government;[124][125][126][127] Lukashenko has described himself as having an "authoritarian ruling style". Darya Domracheva is a leading biathlete whose honours include three gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics.[231]. Dallas, TX: SIL International. [212] Minorities also speak Polish, Ukrainian and Eastern Yiddish. www.hckraainem.be [70] Belarusian leadership was sent to Bereza Kartuska prison.[71]. [116] Alexander Lukashenko has been the president of Belarus since 1994. [209], Belarus was once a major center of European Jews, with 10% of the population being Jewish. [144], Bilateral relations with the United States are strained; the United States had not had an ambassador in Minsk since 2007 and Belarus never had an ambassador in Washington since 2008. Peu importe l'industrie, nous pouvons fournir une analyse complète de votre processus de fabrication pour à la fois identifier les points problématiques et fournir des recommandations d'améliorations. Many Belarusian writers of the time, such as Uładzimir Žyłka, Kazimir Svayak, Yakub Kolas, Źmitrok Biadula, and Maksim Haretski, wrote for Nasha Niva, a Belarusian-language paper published that was previously published in Vilnius but now is published in Minsk. Watch the Highlights of the second Euro Qualifier match between Belarus and Germany. [39] Of the principalities held by the Duchy, nine of them were settled by a population that would eventually become Belarusian people. Though the pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front took only 10% of the seats, the populace was content with the selection of the delegates. [67][68] Nonetheless compared to the (larger) Ukrainian minority, Belarusians were much less politically aware and active, and thus suffered fewer repressions than the Ukrainians. Info from a visitor: "It is highly discouraged to tank by yourself, wait for the attendant" If you know for any laws or other info about converting to LPG, driving on LPG or any other info regarding LPG in Belarus please contact me and I will add it to the page.. Local name for LPG. [204] There are about 0.87 males per female in Belarus. [180] In 1994, Belarus's main exports included heavy machinery (especially tractors), agricultural products, and energy products. [103] Three major rivers run through the country: the Neman, the Pripyat, and the Dnieper. 23/07/2021 - 26/07/2021 . [128][129] Re-admission of the country into the Council is dependent on the completion of benchmarks set by the Council, including the improvement of human rights, rule of law, and democracy. in the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Mission to the European Union and NATO : A A A. In 2015, 39.3% of Belarusians were employed by state-controlled companies, 57.2% were employed by private companies (in which the government has a 21.1% stake) and 3.5% were employed by foreign companies. [170] However, there is a political will to fight against corruption in the government, and the government has made some progress in combating corruption, such as minimizing tax regulations in order to improve transparency in the tax office. Statutes were initially issued in the Ruthenian language alone and later also in Polish. Anyone from outside the Duchy gaining rights to a property would actually own it only after swearing allegiance to the Grand Duke of Lithuania. [97][98] Following the disputed election, Lukashenko is not recognized by the European Union and United States as the legitimate president of Belarus. Tennis player Victoria Azarenka became the first Belarusian to win a Grand Slam singles title at the Australian Open in 2012. Belarus is also known for its strong rhythmic gymnasts. [citation needed] The borders of the Byelorussian SSR and Poland were redrawn, in accord with the 1919-proposed Curzon Line. 2021 Henkel Belgium nv. Since 2004, Belarus has been sending artists to the Eurovision Song Contest. Employment is also high in agriculture, manufacturing sales, trading goods, and education. [49], Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences. Konzept, Bau und Vertrieb von Geräten, für den diversifizierten Gemüsebau, wie bieten Ihnen eine grosse Bandbreite an Werkzeugen adaptiert an Ihren Standort und Bedürfnissen The judges of national courts are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Council of the Republic. The national football team has never qualified for a major tournament; however, BATE Borisov has played in the Champions League.
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